“方秋禾黍成”的意思及全詩出處和翻譯賞析

《捕蝗詩示尚書郭敦》是明代皇帝朱瞻基創作的一首詩詞。以下是該詩的中文譯文、詩意和賞析：

捕蝗詩示尚書郭敦

蝗螽雖微物，為患良不細。
Though locusts are small creatures, their harm is not insignificant.

其生實蕃滋，殄滅端匪易。
They breed and multiply rapidly, making it difficult to eradicate them completely.

方秋禾黍成，芃芃各生遂。
Just as the autumn grains and crops are maturing, flourishing and growing to their fullness.

所欣歲將登，奄忽蝗已至。
We rejoice as the harvest season approaches, but suddenly the locusts have arrived.

害苗及根節，而況葉與穗。
They damage the seedlings, roots, leaves, and ears of grain.

傷哉隴畝植，民命之所系。
The crops in the fields are harmed, and the livelihood of the people is at stake.

一旦盡于斯，何以卒年歲。
If everything is destroyed in an instant, how can we survive the passing years?

上帝仁下民，詎非人所致。
Heaven is benevolent, and the people are its subjects. How can we not take responsibility?

修省弗敢怠，民患可坐視？
We must not neglect our duties of governance. Can we sit idly by while the people suffer?

去螟古有詩，捕蝗亦有使。
There have been poems written about getting rid of pests in ancient times, and there are methods to capture locusts.

除患與養患，昔人論已備。
The ancient scholars have already discussed the ways to eliminate these disasters and how to prevent them.

拯民于水火，勖哉勿玩愒。
To save the people from water and fire calamities, let us not hesitate and take immediate action.

詩詞的中心思想是朱瞻基對蝗災的關切和對人民疾苦的體察。他描述了蝗蟲的繁殖和破壞力，強調了蝗災給農民帶來的嚴重影響。詩人呼吁政府官員勿忽視修治國家、保護民眾的責任，同時提到了古人對于滅蝗的經驗和方法，希望政府能夠采取措施解決這一問題，以保護人民的利益。

這首詩詞通過簡潔而有力的語言，表達了作者對蝗災的深切擔憂和對人民苦難的同情。它提醒了讀者關注農民的困境和政府的職責，同時展現了朱瞻基作為君主的關懷和責任感。整體上，這首詩詞在明代社會背景下，以農民與災害為主題，呼吁政府關注民生，充分展現了朱瞻基的治國思想和為政理念。

bǔ huáng shī shì shàng shū guō dūn
捕蝗詩示尚書郭敦

huáng zhōng suī wēi wù, wéi huàn liáng bù xì.
蝗螽雖微物，為患良不細。
qí shēng shí fān zī, tiǎn miè duān fěi yì.
其生實蕃滋，殄滅端匪易。
fāng qiū hé shǔ chéng, péng péng gè shēng suì.
方秋禾黍成，芃芃各生遂。
suǒ xīn suì jiāng dēng, yǎn hū huáng yǐ zhì.
所欣歲將登，奄忽蝗已至。
hài miáo jí gēn jié, ér kuàng yè yǔ suì.
害苗及根節，而況葉與穗。
shāng zāi lǒng mǔ zhí, mín mìng zhī suǒ xì.
傷哉隴畝植，民命之所系。
yī dàn jǐn yú sī, hé yǐ zú nián suì.
一旦盡于斯，何以卒年歲。
shàng dì rén xià mín, jù fēi rén suǒ zhì.
上帝仁下民，詎非人所致。
xiū shěng fú gǎn dài, mín huàn kě zuò shì? qù míng gǔ yǒu shī, bǔ huáng yì yǒu shǐ.
修省弗敢怠，民患可坐視？去螟古有詩，捕蝗亦有使。
chú huàn yǔ yǎng huàn, xī rén lùn yǐ bèi.
除患與養患，昔人論已備。
zhěng mín yú shuǐ huǒ, xù zāi wù wán kài.
拯民于水火，勖哉勿玩愒。